{"id":119823,"date":"2026-09-20T07:34:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T07:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/?p=119823"},"modified":"2026-09-29T00:15:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T00:15:38","slug":"%eb%a7%88%eb%a6%ac%ec%95%84-%ea%b7%b8%eb%9d%bc%ec%b9%98%ec%95%84-%ec%88%98%eb%85%80-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/%eb%b6%80%ea%b3%a0\/%eb%a7%88%eb%a6%ac%ec%95%84-%ea%b7%b8%eb%9d%bc%ec%b9%98%ec%95%84-%ec%88%98%eb%85%80-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544 \uc218\ub140\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544<\/strong> <strong>\uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544<\/strong><strong> Maria Gratia <\/strong><strong>\uc218\ub140<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>ND 5666\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/snd1.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/GratiaK.pdf\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i>PDF Download<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub8e8\ud2b8-\ubca0\ub974\ub2dd Maria GROOT-BERNING<\/p>\n<p>\ub3c5\uc77c, \ucf54\uc2a4\ud3a0\ub4dc \uc5ec\uc655\uc774\uc2e0 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uad00\uad6c<\/p>\n<p>\ucd9c\uc0dd:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1934\ub144 7\uc6d4 21\uc77c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \ud504\ub808\ub4e0 \uc778\uadfc \uadf8\ub85c\uc138\ub9c8\uc2a4\ud2b8<br \/>\n\uc11c\uc6d0:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1964\ub144 8\uc6d4 15\uc77c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud3a0\ub4dc<br \/>\n\uc0ac\ub9dd:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2026\ub144 9\uc6d4 20\uc77c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud3a0\ub4dc, \uc548\ub128\ud0c8 \uc218\ub140\uc6d0<br \/>\n\uc7a5\ub840:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2026\ub144 9\uc6d4 24\uc77c\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud3a0\ub4dc, \uc218\ub140\uc6d0 \ubb18\uc9c0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/snd1.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gratia.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-119822\" src=\"https:\/\/snd1.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gratia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snd1.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gratia.jpg 220w, https:\/\/snd1.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gratia-100x150.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a>\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub8e8\ud2b8-\ubca0\ub974\ub2dd\uc740 \ubd80\ubaa8\uc778 \uac8c\ub974\ud558\ub974\ud2b8 \uadf8\ub8e8\ud2b8-\ubca0\ub974\ub2dd\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4 \uc694\ud55c\ub098(\ucc98\ub140\uba85 \ud3a0\ud2b8\ube0c\ub77c\ud06c)\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \ubcf4\uc0b4\ud54c \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc12f \uba85\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\uc790\ub9e4\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc790\ub790\ub2e4. \ubd80\ubaa8\ub2d8\uc740 \ub18d\uc7a5\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud588\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub294 \uadf8\ub85c\uc138\ub9c8\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uc640 \uc911\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub154\uc73c\uba70, 1950\ub144\uc5d0 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc131\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc878\uc5c5\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uba87 \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub2d8\uc758 \ub18d\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc744 \ub3d5\ub2e4\uac00, 1958\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1959\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud504\ub808\ub4e0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc608\uc218 \uc131\uc2ec \uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\ub9ac \uacac\uc2b5\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc815 \uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \ud6c8\ub828\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc740 \ucd94\ucc9c\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc801\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u201c\uadf8\ub8e8\ud2b8-\ubca0\ub974\ub2dd \uc591\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc815\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uce5c\uc808\ud558\uba70, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub77c\ub3c4 \uae30\uaebc\uc774 \ub9e1\uc544 \uc218\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub8e8\ud2b8 \ubca0\ub974\ub2dd \uc591\uc744 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc55e\ub0a0\uc5d0 \ud589\uc6b4\uc774 \uac00\ub4dd\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uae30\uc6d0\ud55c\ub2e4.\u201d \uc608\uc218 \uc131\uc2ec \uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub9c8\uce5c \ud6c4, \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub294 1961\ub144 10\uc6d4 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc218\ub140\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc785\ud68c\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 2\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \uba38\ubb3c\ub800\ub2e4. 1962\ub144 8\uc6d4 18\uc77c, \uc11c\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \u2018\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544 \uc218\ub140\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uba85\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. 1964\ub144 \uccab \uc11c\uc6d0\uc744 \ub9c8\uce5c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud3a0\ub4dc\uc758 \ud53c\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ub300\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \uc640\uc11c 1969\ub144 \uc885\uc2e0 \uc11c\uc6d0 \uc900\ube44\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub85c\ub9c8\ub85c \ub5a0\ub098\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac00\uc0ac \uad00\ub9ac \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c 7\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc885\uc2e0 \uc11c\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1c\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc218\ub140\ub294 \ubdd4\ub80c\uacfc \uac94\uc820\ud0a4\ub974\ud5e8\uc758 \ub9bd\ud504\ub77c\uc6b0\uc5d4\uc288\ud2f0\ud504\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub3c4\uc9c1\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \ud30c\ub354\ubcf8\uc758 \ub9c8\uc778\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc0ac \uad00\ub9ac\uc790\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ucca0\ub450\ucca0\ubbf8\ud55c \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, 1988\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uac15\uc0ac \uc790\uaca9 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ud569\uaca9\ud588\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544 \uc218\ub140\ub294 33\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac94\uc820\ud0a4\ub974\ud5e8\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub9bd\ud504\ub77c\uc6b0\uc5d4\uc288\ud2f0\ud504\ud2b8 \ub178\uc778 \uc694\uc591\uc6d0\uc758 \uc8fc\ubc29\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \ud798\uc744 \ub2e4\ud574 \uae30\uc068\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ud574 \uc654\uc73c\ub098, \ucd08\uae30 \uce58\ub9e4 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0\ub294 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub3c4\uc9c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\uc57c\ub9cc \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc218\ub140\ub294 2008\ub144\uc5d0 \uc548\ub128\ud0c8 \uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc0b4\ub8e8\uc2a4 \ubcd1\ub3d9\uc758 \uac00\uc0ac \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub3c4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc218\ub140\uc758 \uba85\ub791\ud558\uace0 \ubc1d\uc740 \uc131\uaca9, \uce5c\uc808\ud568, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc640 \uc5b4\uc6b8\ub9b4 \ub54c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \ubaa8\ubc94\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc758\uc0ac\uc18c\ud1b5\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\uc84c\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ud56d\uc0c1 \uac00\uc871\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc29\ubb38\uc744 \uace0\ub300\ud588\ub2e4. \uce58\ub9e4\uac00 \uc9c4\ud589\ub428\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \uc218\ub140\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc57c\uc678 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc990\uacbc\uc73c\uba70, \ubab8\uc774 \ud5c8\ub77d\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \ubcf4\ud589\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc6d0\uc744 \uac70\ub2d0\uba70 \ud720\uccb4\uc5b4\ub97c \ud0c4 \ud55c \ub3d9\ub8cc \uc218\ub140\ub97c \ub3d9\ubc18\ud558\uace4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uce5c\uc219\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uac00\uc2b4 \ub530\ub73b\ud55c \uad11\uacbd\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544 \uc218\ub140\ub294 \ud658\ud55c \ubbf8\uc18c\ub97c \uc9c0\ub154\uace0, \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ubc18\uc9dd\uc774\ub294 \ub208\ube5b\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ub098\ub20c \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uc783\uc740 \uc9c0 \uc624\ub798\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc544\ub08c\uc5c6\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ub530\ub73b\ud568\uacfc \uc560\uc815\uc744 \ubca0\ud480\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ud750\ub974\uba70 \uae30\ub825\uc740 \uc810\uc810 \uc1e0\uc57d\ud574\uc84c\uace0, \uc5b4\ub290 \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \uce68\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc218\ub140\uc640\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub9cc\ub0a8\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \uae30\uc068\uacfc \uac10\uc0ac\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544 \uc218\ub140\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac04\ud638 \ubc0f \ub3cc\ubd04 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uc131 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \ubcf4\uc0b4\ud54c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \ub3d9\ub8cc \uc218\ub140\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uadf8\ub77c\uce58\uc544 \uc218\ub140\uac00 \uc544\uc9c1 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c, \ud720\uccb4\uc5b4\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub358 \uc911 \ud55c \ubc88\uc740 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \u201c\uc774\uc81c \ucc9c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \uac74\uac00\uc694?\u201d \u201c\uc544\ub2c8\uc694, \uadf8\ub77c\ud2f0\uc544 \uc218\ub140\ub2d8, \uc544\uc9c1\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5b8\uc820\uac00 \ucc9c\uad6d\uc774 \uc218\ub140\ub2d8\ud55c\ud14c \ucc3e\uc544\uc62c \uac70\uc608\uc694.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c \uc804\uc9c1 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub294 \uc218\ub140\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9dd \uc18c\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ubc18\uc751\ud588\ub2e4. \u201c\ud55c \uce5c\uc808\ud55c \uc601\ud63c\uc774 \uace0\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub124\uc694.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ub3c5\uc77c<br \/>\n\ucf54\uc2a4\ud3a0\ub4dc \uc5ec\uc655\uc774\uc2e0 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uad00\uad6c<br \/>\n2026\ub144 9\uc6d4 20\uc77c\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":119822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[285],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-285"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":119826,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119823\/revisions\/119826"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snd1.org\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}